।। 🙏 नमस्ते 🙏 ।।
Economics is the science that concerns itself with economies, i.e. society मे goods and services को कैसे produce और consume किया जाता है l It has influenced world 🌍 finance at many important junctions throughout history and is a vital part of our everyday life
After discovering America (1492), Asia और America के साथ-साथ European countries business और trade को बढ़ाते चले गए. Trade के लिए European countries ने बहुत सारी countries को acquire कर लिया. For European countries, ‘Wealth means trade’ जिससे mercantilism का birth हुआ l In 1776, Scottish thinker Adam Smith who is widely credited for creating the field of economics with his famous book ‘The Wealth of Nations’. इस Book मे mechanisms of capitalist production, free markets, and value के बारे में detail me analysis दीया है l Adam Smith ने अपने book में ‘Lasseiz Faire’ (Free Economy) policy को support किया है l Smith showed that individuals acting in their own self-interest could as if guided by an “Invisible hand”, create social and economic stability and prosperity of all.
During 1862-1863, Karl Marx scripted ‘Das Kapital’ where he focuses his theory “Theory of Surplus Value” जहां Karl Marx ne society me owner aur worker class मे होने वाले dispute ko highlight kiya hai. According to him instead of creating a clear owner and worker class, investing created a mixed class where owners and workers hold the interests of both classes, in balance. Karl Marx की theory owner 🧑🏻💼 – workers 🧑🏼🔧, capitalists 👨🏻💼 – workmen 👷🏻♂️, etc. के problems solve करने में useful होती है l
18th century tak sare world ne economies ke 2 types को realize किया i.e. Capitalism and Communism. In Capitalism , capitalist अपने capital se business shuru karta hai और workers ko employment देता hai in return of wages, but this brings demerit जहां capitalist aur workmen me class struggle शुरू होता है jo capitalism ko end kar sakta hai. Communism states ownership of wealth is with the people of the nation. यहां har koi aapne country ke wealth me contribute karta hai aur apne skill ya need ke हिसाब से paise kamata hai.
At Cambridge University 🏢, the student of Alfred Marshal and A. C. Pigou John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) made a revolution. Marshal अपने theory me government ko powerful player मानते हैं where government apne monetary aur fiscal policies like government spending, lower taxes and lower interest rates me change करके recession, inflation जैसी situation ko easily handle कर सकती है l
In 1936, John Maynard Keynes wrote 🖌 a book named “The General Theory of Employment, Interest & Money”. World war 2 ☢️ के बाद world war 3 ☣️ ko avoid karne ke लिए कुछ ideas suggest kiye where he suggested central bank 🏦 for the whole world. His idea is taken into consideration, the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and the WB (World Bank) is established. Keynes ke theories of आज भी monetary policy ko manage karne ke liye Federal Reserve use करता है l
1960 ke bad situation change ho gayi. In every country especially in America is suffering from Stagflation (Stagnation+Inflation). Keynes ki theory Stagflation ko answer देने में capable नहीं थी l Chicago School is a neo-classical economic school of thought that originated at the University of Chicago in the 1930s. The Chicago School’s most prominent alumnus was Nobel Laureate in 1976 is Milton Friedman, Keynes economics se theories काफी different थी l The prevailing school of economic thought at the time. Friedman argued the government had to begin removing the redundant controls it had imposed upon the market, such as antitrust legislation. Rather than growing bigger on the increasing gross domestic product (GDP), Friedman thought governments should focus on consuming less of an economy’s capital so more remained in the system. With more capital in the system, it would be possible for the economy to operate without any government interference.
In 1998, Nobel Laureate Amartya Kumar Sen presented Welfare Economics. इस theory को ‘Social Choice Theory’ ke nam se bhi जाना जाता है l According to this theory ‘the policy should be implemented by the government which must consider provides food 🥗, education 📓, health 🏨, employment 👨🏻💻 to the general public’.
In 2019, Economist Abhijit Banerjee shared the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty. RCT (Randomized Controlled Trials) का इस्तेमाल करके यह experiment kiya गया l RCT medical research ke clinical trials ke similar होता है l For example, India 🇮🇳 मे polio vaccination freely available है but many mothers were not bringing their children for the vaccination drives. So to solve this problem Banerjee aur Prof. Esther Duflo, also from MIT, tried an experiment in Rajasthan, jaha उन्होंने उन mothers को bag of pulses gift karna शुरू किया l
Economics is playing a vital role in surviving the economy. Economics ke thoughts process me hone wale changes ko हमने अभी देखा l Hope you understand the very first article. We will bring series for you of knowledgeable thoughts from Economics as well as Finance. तब तक Happy Reading…..
।। 🙏 धन्यवाद 🙏 ।।
– j₹k, p$m.
293 Comments
Robertkew · July 27, 2024 at 2:59 PM
buy cipro online usa: ciprofloxacin order online – ciprofloxacin over the counter
Scrcpy Download · July 27, 2024 at 10:42 AM
Excellent posting! Do you want to know how to download scrcpy for screen mirroring? if so. Scrcpy is a screen mirroring tool that provides a screen-sharing facility from one device to another device. For the download process, there is an article that mentions step-by-step guidance. Just visit the article
Clash Royale Deck · July 25, 2024 at 5:19 PM
Outstanding article. Are you a Clash Royale enthusiast eager to build a Powerful Clash Royale deck that will help you achieve high rankings? Well, Building a powerful deck involves careful consideration and constant refinement. Building a powerful clash royale deck involves careful consideration of balance and your play style. For in-depth information, visit the website provided.
Thomascag · July 24, 2024 at 4:16 PM
https://amoxildelivery.pro/# where can i get amoxicillin 500 mg
Thomascag · July 24, 2024 at 7:55 AM
https://paxloviddelivery.pro/# paxlovid buy
Thomascag · July 23, 2024 at 11:40 PM
https://amoxildelivery.pro/# amoxicillin medicine
Thomascag · July 23, 2024 at 4:41 PM
https://ciprodelivery.pro/# cipro online no prescription in the usa
Thomascag · July 23, 2024 at 9:15 AM
http://clomiddelivery.pro/# can i order generic clomid tablets
Thomascag · July 23, 2024 at 1:24 AM
http://ciprodelivery.pro/# buy cipro online without prescription
Thomascag · July 22, 2024 at 5:22 PM
http://amoxildelivery.pro/# amoxacillian without a percription
Thomascag · July 22, 2024 at 9:22 AM
http://amoxildelivery.pro/# amoxicillin generic
Thomascag · July 22, 2024 at 1:24 AM
http://paxloviddelivery.pro/# paxlovid buy
DavidLip · July 21, 2024 at 4:58 PM
canada pharmacy online: canadian pharmacy meds – canadian pharmacy ratings
MichaelTen · July 21, 2024 at 4:45 PM
best canadian pharmacy to order from: canadian neighbor pharmacy – canada drugs online reviews
DavidLip · July 21, 2024 at 12:04 PM
canadianpharmacyworld com: canadianpharmacy com – onlinecanadianpharmacy 24
Charlescrolf · July 21, 2024 at 11:14 AM
purple pharmacy mexico price list buying prescription drugs in mexico online best online pharmacies in mexico
Edwardsen · July 21, 2024 at 11:02 AM
https://indiapharmast.com/# mail order pharmacy india
MichaelTen · July 21, 2024 at 7:24 AM
mexican mail order pharmacies: purple pharmacy mexico price list – mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
DavidLip · July 21, 2024 at 6:52 AM
canadian pharmacy drugs online: canadian pharmacy scam – canadian discount pharmacy
Rewasbas · July 21, 2024 at 5:01 AM
Специальная оценка рабочих мест
Проведение СОУТ состоит из нескольких этапов. На первом этапе подготавливаются и собираются документы, затем специалисты проводят оценку рабочих мест и выявляют риски. Заключительный этап – оформление отчета, который содержит рекомендации по улучшению условий труда. Реестр организаций СОУТ не только способствует соблюдению законодательства, а также увеличивает доверие сотрудников к работодателю.